Engine running pushback may be accomplished using ________ approved for use on KC-10, DC-10, MD-11, L-1011, and 767 aircraft.

• A. Towbars
• B. Tow tractors
• C. Cranes
• D. Carts

Answer: (A)

Engine running pushback relies on a fixed, approved connection between the aircraft nose gear and the towing vehicle so the airplane can be maneuvered with its engines on. For KC-10, DC-10, MD-11, L-1011, and 767, the device designed for this purpose is a towbar. The towbar attaches to the nose gear and to the tow tractor, giving a secure push/pull point and keeping the aircraft aligned while the engines are running. This setup minimizes the risk to the nose gear and airframe from a simple tug and ensures the tow tractor remains a safe distance from the jet blast. Cranes or carts aren’t suitable for pushback, and tow tractors alone don’t provide the proper linkage needed for engine-running pushback on these aircraft.